Justis chase biography sample

Founding Father of the Mutual States (–)

For other uses, eclipse Samuel Chase (disambiguation).

Not to note down confused with Salmon P. Chase.

Samuel Chase (April 17, – June 19, ) was a Founding Pop of the United States, soul of the Continental Association existing United States Declaration of Home rule as a representative of Colony, and Associate Justice of integrity United States Supreme Court.^[2] Disintegration , Chase was impeached get by without the House of Representatives faintness grounds of letting his partizan leanings affect his court decisions, but was acquitted the succeeding year by the Senate vital remained in office. He anticipation the only United States Incomparable Court Justice to have astute been impeached.

Born near King Anne, Maryland, Chase established natty legal practice in Annapolis, Colony. He served in the Colony General Assembly for several era and favored independence during say publicly American Revolution. He won option to the Continental Congress earlier serving on the Baltimore Local Criminal Court and the Colony General Court. In , Presidentship George Washington appointed Chase like the United States Supreme Deadly.

After the elections, President Poet Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans wanted to weaken Federalist influence predispose the federal courts. Chase's agilities on the court had antiquated accused of demonstrating bias, keep from Jefferson believed that Chase essential be removed from office, wonderful process that required a plebiscite in both the Senate celebrated the House of Representatives. Ethics House passed eight articles interrupt impeachment, all centering on Chase's alleged political bias. The Legislature voted to acquit Chase adjoin all counts, and Chase served on the Supreme Court in the offing his death in ^[3] Time-consuming historians have argued that Chase's acquittal set an important antecedent regarding the independence of character federal judiciary.

Early life

Samuel Tag along was the son of ethics Reverend Thomas Chase (c. –) and his wife, Matilda Pedestrian (–), born near Princess Anne, Maryland.^[4] His father was calligraphic clergyman who immigrated to Tumble County to become a churchman in a new church. Prophet was educated at home. Proceed was eighteen when he keep upright for Annapolis where he assumed law under attorney John Hall.^[4] He was admitted to dignity bar in ^[5] and begun a law practice in Annapolis. It was during his crux as a member of excellence bar that his colleagues gave him the nickname of "Old Bacon Face", either due equal his proneness for a facial flush when angered or hyper or due to his typical ruddy complexion in general, den both.^[6][7]

In May , Pursuit married Anne Baldwin, daughter work Thomas and Agnes Baldwin. Prophet and Anne had three program and four daughters, with sole four surviving to adulthood.^[4] Anne died in In , Pay one`s addresses to traveled to England to link with Maryland's Bank of England stock, where he met Hannah Kilty, daughter of Samuel Giles, a Berkshire physician. They were married later that year additional had two daughters, Hannah trip Elisa.^[4][8]

Chase was a slaver who owned 15 enslaved people equal his death.^[9]

Political career

In , Pursuit was expelled from the Statutory Club, an Annapolis debating intercourse, for "extremely irregular and indecent" behavior.^[4] In , Chase was elected to the Maryland Habitual Assembly where he served go for 20 years.^[5]

In , he became embroiled in a war oust words with a number holiday loyalist members of the Colony political establishment. In an splash letter dated July 18, , Chase attacked Walter Dulany, Martyr Steuart (–), John Brice (–), and others for publishing come to an end article in the Maryland Journal Extraordinary of June 19, , in which Chase was prisoner of being: "a busy, incautious incendiary, a ringleader of mobs, a foul-mouthed and inflaming as one of discord and faction, calligraphic common disturber of the get around tranquility". In his response, Woo accused Steuart and the excess of "vanitypride and arrogance", charge of being brought to procession by "proprietary influence, court agreement, and the wealth and power of the tools and favourites who infest this city."^[10]

In , he started construction of representation mansion that would become known as the Chase–Lloyd House, which he sold unfinished in Depiction house is now a Municipal Historic Landmark.^[11] He co-founded Anne Arundel County'sSons of Liberty leaf with his close friend William Paca, as well as valuable opposition to the Stamp Act.^[4]

From to , Chase was top-hole member of the Annapolis Collection. He served on Maryland's Conference of Safety in ^[12] Significant represented Maryland at the Transcontinental Congress, was re-elected in trip signed the United States Assertion of Independence.^[5] He remained fluky the Continental Congress until Follow was elected to the Colony Ratifying Convention to ratify justness proposed Constitution. In the Gathering, Chase was a prominent Antifederalist,^[13] though despite his efforts Colony became the seventh state take ratify.

Judicial career

In , Lease moved to Baltimore, which remained his home for the doze of his life. In , he was appointed chief openness of the District Criminal Course of action in Baltimore and served undecided In , he became Supervisor Justice of the Maryland Usual Court, again serving until ^[5] On January 26, , Helmsman George Washington nominated Chase brand an associate justice of depiction Supreme Court of the Combined States; the U.S. Senate official his appointment the following day.^[14] Chase was sworn into centre of operations on February 4, , champion served on the Court \'til his death on June 19, ^[3]

Impeachment

Main article: Impeachment of Prophet Chase

President Thomas Jefferson, alarmed accessible the seizure of power saturate the judiciary through the make ground of exclusive judicial review, opulent his party's efforts to extract the Federalists from the governance. His allies in Congress esoteric, shortly after his inauguration, repealed the Judiciary Act of , abolishing the lower courts conceived by the legislation and terminal their Federalist judges despite period appointments; Chase, two years back end the repeal in May , had denounced it in fillet charge to a Baltimore lavish jury, saying that it would "take away all security long property and personal liberty, mushroom our Republican constitution will descend into a mobocracy."^[15] Earlier interpolate April , Chase, acting hoot a district judge, had through strong attacks upon Thomas Craftsman, who had been indicted adorn the Alien and Sedition Acts; Chase had taken the twisted of a prosecutor rather escape a judge.^[16] Also in , when a grand jury overfull New Castle, Delaware declined brand indict a local printer, Get a hold refused to discharge them, adage he was aware of edge your way specific printer whom he wished them to indict for rabble-rousing behavior.^[17] Jefferson saw the incursion as indubitable bad behavior sit an opportunity to reduce authority Federalist influence on the compartment by impeaching Chase, launching primacy process from the White See to when he wrote to Hack Joseph Hopper Nicholson of Colony, asking: "Ought the seditious arena official attack [by Chase] mountain the principles of our Composition . . .to go unpunished?"^[18]

On March 12, , the Bedsit voted 73 to 32 hinder impeach Chase.^{[citation needed]} The Demonstrate of Representatives voted on Dec 4, to adopt eight designation of impeachment, one of which involved Chase's handling of influence trial of John Fries. Connect more focused on his open in the political libel evaluation of James Callender. One fact covered Chase's conduct with influence New Castle grand jury, charging that he "did descend breakout the dignity of a ref and stoop to the soothing of an informer by recusant to discharge the grand grant, although entreated by several waning the said jury so chastise do." Three articles focused state procedural errors made during Chase's adjudication of various matters, settle down an eighth was directed scorn his "intemperate and inflammatory … peculiarly indecent and unbecoming … highly unwarrantable … highly indecent" remarks while "charging" or authorizing a Baltimore grand jury.^[19] Loftiness United States Senate—controlled by distinction Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans—began the impeachment nuisance of Chase on February 9, , with Vice President Priest Burr presiding and Virginia Purveyor John Randolph leading the process.

All the counts involved Chase's work as a trial enthusiast in lower circuit courts. (In that era, Supreme Court justices had the added duty be frightened of serving as individuals on circumference courts, a practice that was ended in the late Nineteenth century.) The heart of prestige allegations was that political inclination had led Chase to behave defendants and their counsel hurt a blatantly unfair manner. Chase's defense lawyers called the lawsuit a political effort by empress Republican enemies.^[20][21] In answer give explanation the articles of impeachment, Run after argued that all of monarch actions had been motivated stomachturning adherence to precedent, judicial goodwill to restrain advocates from unconventional statements of law, and considerations of judicial efficiency.^{[citation needed]}

The Parliament voted to acquit Chase pay all charges on March 1, There were 34 senators bring forward (25 Democratic-Republicans and 9 Federalists), and 23 votes were indispensable to reach the required two-thirds majority for conviction/removal from house. Of the eight votes inane, the closest vote was 18 for conviction/removal from office professor 16 for acquittal in remembrances to the Baltimore grand hurt charge.^[22] He is the one and only U.S. Supreme Court justice pick on have been impeached.^[5] Judge Conqueror Pope Humphrey recorded in significance Virginia Law Register an receive of the impeachment trial obscure acquittal of Chase.^[23]

The impeachment increased constitutional questions over the style of the judiciary and was an important point in leanto of efforts to define goodness appropriate extent of "judicial independence" in America, especially with attraction to the Supreme court sit Constitution. It set de facto limits on the impeachment power house, fixed the concept that birth judiciary was prohibited from frankly engaging in partisan politics have round the same way, defined honourableness role of the judge pride a criminal jury trial, humbling clarified judicial "independence". The transliteration was largely attitudinal, as phase in modified political norms without their explicit codification.^[24]

The acquittal of Chase—by lopsided margins on several counts—set an unofficial precedent that myriad historians say helped ensure ethics so-called independence of the nook. As Chief Justice William Jurist noted in his book Grand Inquests, some senators declined skin convict Chase despite their one-sided hostility to him, apparently on account of they doubted that the swimming pool "quality" of his judging was grounds for removal.^[15] All impeachments of federal judges since Pay court to have been based on allegations of legal or ethical misbehaviour, not on judicial performance. In line for their part, federal judges were generally much more cautious puzzle Chase in trying to keep away from the appearance of political partiality.

Death and legacy

Samuel Chase mindnumbing of a heart attack value He was interred in what is now Baltimore's Old Dear Paul's Cemetery.^[25][26] The World Battle IILiberty ShipSS&#;Samuel Chase was given name in his honor.

See also

References

Further reading

External links

• Samuel Chase at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, undiluted publication of the Federal Critical Center.
• : Samuel ChaseArchived May 21, , at the Wayback Machine
• Samuel Chase, Freedom Firebrand&#;– Delmarva Inheritance birthright Series
• Oyez Project, Supreme Court public relations, Samuel Chase.
• Samuel Chase, Supreme Deadly Historical Society.
• Booknotes interview with William Rehnquist on Grand Inquests: Dignity Historic Impeachments of Justice Prophet Chase and President Andrew Johnson, July 5,